台灣兩位前總統呼籲公投，成立「台灣共和國」
By CHRIS HORTON
2018年3月1日
TAIPEI, Taiwan — In very different ways on Wednesday, citizens of Taiwan used an important holiday to call for the 23 million people of this self-governing island — which Beijing claims as its territory — to have a greater say in their political identity.
台灣台北——週三，台灣民眾通過截然不同的方式，利用一個重要的假日呼籲這個實行自治、但北京聲稱是其領土的小島上的2300萬人提升在政治身份上的發言權。
Young protesters in the northern city of Taoyuan, carrying an anti-China banner, splashed red paint on the tomb of Chiang Kai-shek, the generalissimo who fled to Taiwan after losing China’s civil war to the Communists and who declared martial law on the island that lasted until 1987, 12 years after his death.
在北部的桃園市，舉著反中國橫幅的年輕抗議者朝蔣介石的棺柩潑紅漆。在內戰中被共產黨打敗後，身為委員長的蔣介石逃往台灣，並宣布在島內實行「戒嚴」，直到他去世12年後的1987年才解除。
And at a news conference in Taipei, the capital, two former presidents called for a referendum in April 2019 on whether to replace the Republic of China, which has been the island’s government since 1945, with a Republic of Taiwan — a move that Beijing has warned would lead to war.
而在首府台北舉行的一場新聞發布會上，兩位前總統呼籲在2019年4月舉行公投，決定是否用台灣共和國取代自1945年以來作為台灣政府的中華民國。北京一直警告此舉會引發戰爭。
Both developments on Wednesday — the 71st anniversary of an uprising that led to a massacre of Taiwanese by Chiang’s soldiers — highlight the challenges that President Tsai Ing-wen faces in dealing with rising pressure from China while trying to keep Taiwan’s pro-independence voters on her side as midterm elections approach.
週三是一場導致蔣介石軍隊對台灣民眾進行大屠殺的反抗活動的71週年紀念日。當天發生的上述兩件事突顯了台灣總統蔡英文面臨的挑戰。隨著中期選舉的臨近，她既要應對來自大陸日漸加劇的壓力，又試圖讓島內支持獨立的選民站在自己一邊。
Video footage of the demonstration at Chiang’s tomb on Wednesday showed chanting protesters throwing red paint and unfurling a white banner that read, “Abolish China authoritarian rule, establish the Republic of Taiwan.” Mausoleum staff politely asked them to stop, to little avail.
影片畫面顯示，週三在蔣介石墓地舉行的示威活動中，高喊著口號的抗議者潑紅漆，並展開了寫著「去除支那威權，創建台灣共和」的橫幅。陵墓工作人員客氣地請他們住手，但收效甚微。
In past years, statues of Chiang have been defaced on the anniversary of what has become known as the 2/28 Incident— a public uprising that began on Feb. 28, 1947, and was crushed by Nationalist soldiers, who killed tens of thousands of Taiwanese.
過去多年，蔣介石的塑像在「二二八事件」週年紀念日上遭受污損的情況出現過多次。發生在1947年2月28日的「二二八事件」是一場公開的反抗活動，遭到國民黨士兵的鎮壓，數萬台灣民眾被殺。
While Chiang is still revered as a strong leader by some older residents, many in Taiwan oppose the use of his likeness or name in public spaces. Statues of Chiang, once ubiquitous in Taiwan, are gradually being moved to a park in Taoyuan. Many support the removal of Chiang’s likeness from Taiwan’s currency and of his name from roads and schools, as well as the repurposing of Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall, one of Taipei’s biggest tourist sites.
儘管一些上了年紀的民眾仍敬重蔣介石是一位強有力的領導人，但很多台灣人反對在公共場所使用他的畫像或名字。曾經在台灣隨處可見的蔣介石塑像，正逐漸被轉移到桃園的一個公園。很多人支持把蔣介石的頭像從台灣的貨幣上去掉，把他的名字從公路和學校名字中去掉，並改建台北最大的旅遊景點之一的中正紀念堂。
Mainland China’s ruling Communist Party has warned Taiwan against such “de-Chiang-ification.” They see it as an attempt to eradicate the Chinese identity that Chiang and the Nationalists, also known as the Kuomintang, imposed on Taiwan, which before their arrival in 1945 had been under Japanese colonial rule for 50 years.
大陸的執政黨共產黨對台灣的「去蔣化」發出警告。他們認為這是企圖根除蔣介石和國民黨加給台灣的中國身份。在他們1945年抵達台灣之前，台灣被日本殖民統治了50年。
A public vote on declaring a Republic of Taiwan, as the two former presidents called for on Wednesday, would be considered a much graver matter. Beijing has said that establishing such a republic would prompt it to invade.
若像兩位前任總統在週三時呼籲的那樣，舉行宣布成立台灣共和國的公投，那將被視為一個更加嚴重的問題。北京曾表示若成立這樣的共和國，就會攻打台灣。
Under Taiwan’s Constitution, issues like sovereignty cannot be decided by public referendum. But even a nonbinding vote in favor of a Republic of Taiwan would put pressure on Ms. Tsai to take a more confrontational stance with the mainland, while giving Beijing more fodder with which to justify its own increasing pressure on her government. But voters in Taiwan have shown a tendency to push back against threats from the mainland.
根據台灣的憲法，主權一類問題不能由公投決定。但即便是一個支持成立台灣共和國的非約束力投票，也會給蔡英文帶來很大壓力，對大陸採取更具對抗性的態度，同時這也給了北京更多能為自己加大對蔡英文政府施壓辯解的材料。但台灣的投票者已表現出了要對來自大陸的威脅做出反擊的意願。
Ms. Tsai’s Democratic Progressive Party has traditionally favored independence, but as president she has shelved that goal in favor of maintaining the status quo and is unlikely to support the referendum proposal.
蔡英文的民進黨向來支持獨立，但作為總統的她為了維護現狀已暫時擱置了這一目標，且不太可能支持公投提議。
Lee Teng-hui, one of the former presidents backing the proposal, told hundreds of supporters at a news conference that a referendum was the “most powerful weapon” that Taiwan could use to establish itself as a “normal country,” according to Taiwan’s Central News Agency. Mr. Lee, now 95, bemoaned the fact that Taiwan cannot participate in numerous international organizations, due in large part to China’s attempts to isolate it.
據台灣中央通訊社報導，支持該提議的前總統李登輝在新聞發布會上向數百名支持者表示，公投是台灣可以用來把自己建成「正常國家」的「最有力武器」。現年95歲的李登輝對台灣因為大陸的孤立而無法參與諸多國際組織這一現實表示了不滿。
Mr. Lee, a mentor of Ms. Tsai, won Taiwan’s first democratic presidential election in 1996, amid threats of war from China that led to the deployment of United States carrier groups to the Taiwan Strait.
蔡英文的引路人李登輝曾在1996年贏得了第一屆民主總統大選，當時台灣正面臨著來自中國的戰爭威脅，美國航母戰鬥群還部署到了台灣海峽。
Joining Mr. Lee in supporting the referendum was former President Chen Shui-bian, 67, who is on medical parole from a 20-year prison sentence for corruption. Speaking in a recorded video, Mr. Chen struck a defiant tone.
和李登輝一同支持公投的還有現年67歲，因貪污被判刑20年現保外醫治的前任總統陳水扁。在錄影講話中，陳水扁的語氣充滿挑釁。
“Taiwan is our country, not China’s,” the Central News Agency quoted Mr. Chen as saying. “We have to use our right to vote to show the world Taiwan’s will and determination that the country will never concede to the control of the Communist Party of China.”
「台灣是我們的國家，台灣不屬於中國，」中央社援引陳水扁的話說。「用我們手中神聖的選票，要讓全世界的人知道台灣人民的意志和決心，絕對不讓中國共產黨統治。」
Ms. Tsai made no public mention on Wednesday of the referendum proposal or the protest at Chiang’s tomb. On Twitter, she commemorated the 1947 uprising and said the government would continue to investigate abuses committed under Kuomintangs rule.
蔡英文週三並未公開提及公投提議，也未提及蔣介石墓前的抗議。她在Twitter上紀念了1947年的起義，並表示政府將繼續調查國民黨統治下的濫權行為。
“Today we commemorate the lives that perished during the 228 Incident 71 yrs ago,” she wrote. “Only when we reconcile w/ the past, can we move forward together.”
「今天我們紀念71年前在二二八事件中去世的生命，」她寫道。「只有當我們與歷史和解，才能共同向前。」
原載《紐約時報》中文版：https://cn.nytimes.com/asia-pacific/20180301/taiwan-chiang-kai-shek/zh-hant/dual/
英文報導的原文：
In Taiwan, Young Protesters and Ex-Presidents Chafe Against China
FEB. 28, 2018
In past years, statues of Chiang have been defaced on the anniversary ofwhat has become known as the 2/28 Incident — a public uprising that began on Feb. 28, 1947, and was crushed by Nationalist soldiers, who killed tens of thousands of Taiwanese.
Ms. Tsai made no public mention on Wednesday of the referendum proposal or the protest at Chiang’s tomb. On Twitter, she commemorated the 1947 uprising and said the government would continue to investigate abuses committed under Kuomintan rule.
A version of this article appears in print on March 1, 2018, on Page A11 of the New York edition with the headline: Taiwanese, Both High And Low, Defy China. Order Reprints| Today's Paper|Subscribe
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/28/world/asia/taiwan-chiang-kai-shek.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fasia&action=click&contentCollection=asia®ion=stream&module=stream_unit&version=latest&contentPlacement=29&pgtype=sectionfront
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